June 9, 2011
Florastor: a probiotic for many types of acute and chronic diarrhea
For many types of acute and chronic diarrhea, the probiotic Florastor can be recommended as the best natural approach. Florastor is the tradename of Saccharomyces boulardi lyo (lyo = freeze dried, the best means for preserving the effectiveness of this probiotic species; also means that Florastor is shelf-stable at room temperature).
Here are the main indications/conditions for which Florastor/Saccharomyces boulardii has been investigated:
Acute Diarrhea
A controlled study found a significant reduction in symptoms of diarrhea in adults taking 250mg of S. boulardii twice a day for five days or until symptoms were relieved.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A placebo-controlled study found that patients with diarrhea due mainly to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) had a significant reduction in number and consistency of bowel movements.
Suggested dosage is 250mg twice daily.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Florastor benefits for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) include: 1) prevention of relapse in Crohn’s disease patients currently in remission and 2) improvement for ulcerative colitis patients with moderate symptoms. Suggested dosage is three 250mg capsules a day.
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
Some evidence for its usefulness in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in adults. Suggested dosage: 250mg twice a day with the standard antibiotic course.
HIV/AIDS-Associated Diarrhea
Saccharomyces boulardii was shown to significantly increase the recovery rate of stage IV AIDS patients suffering from diarrhea. On average, patients receiving S. boulardii gained weight while a placebo group lost weight over the 18 month study. There were no reported adverse reaction observed in these immunocompromised patients.
Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
Two 500mg doses per day of Saccharomyces boulardii when taken with one of two antibiotics (vancomycin or metronidazole) were found to significantly reduce the rate of recurrent Clostridium difficile (pseudomembranous colitis) infection. However, note that significant benefit was not found for prevention of an initial episode of Clostridium difficile-associated disease.
For more on Saccharomyces boulardii, see the NYBC entry:
Note that non-member price is $30, but member price is NOW ONLY $29. (NYBC Membership costs $5, $10, or $25 per year, depending on income.)
Some references (there are many more, since Saccharomyces boulardii is among the most-studied probiotics):
–Höcher W, Chase D, Hagenhoff G (1990). “Saccharomyces boulardii in acute adult diarrhoea. Efficacy and tolerance of treatment”. Münch Med Wochenschr 132: 188–92.
–McFarland L, Surawicz C, Greenberg R (1994). “A randomised placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease”. J Am Med Assoc 271: 1913–8.
–Maupas J, Champemont P, Delforge M (1983). “Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Saccharomyces boulardii: a double blind, placebo controlled study”. Medicine Chirurgie Digestives 12(1): 77–9.
–Guslandi M, Mezzi G, Sorghi M, Testoni PA (2000). “Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenance treatment of Crohn’s disease”. Dig. Dis. Sci. 45 (7): 1462–4. PMID 10961730.
–Guslandi M, Giollo P, Testoni PA (2003). “A pilot trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in ulcerative colitis”. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15 (6): 697–8. doi:10.1097/01.meg.0000059138.68845.06. PMID 12840682.
–Saint-Marc T, Blehaut H, Musial C, Touraine J (1995). “AIDS related diarrhea: a double-blind trial of Saccharomyces boulardii”. Sem Hôsp Paris 71: 735–41.
January 24, 2011
Florastor/ Saccharomyces boulardii
Here’s the NYBC summary of recent research on Saccharomyces boulardii, which is available under the tradename Florastor:
Saccharomyces boulardii, sometimes abbreviated Sac. boulardii or S. boulardii, is a very well-researched probiotic, with several hundred peer-reviewed studies to its credit, many from the past two decades. It’s now the first choice among probiotics for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, C. difficile colitis, and “traveler’s diarrhea.” It can also help with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Here are some recent research highlights:
-Harvard Medical School researchers have identified specific pathways by which Saccharomyces boulardii decreases intestinal inflammatory responses; their 2006 report helps explain the broad range of protective effects that this probiotic exerts in a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. (Sougioultzis S, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii produces a soluble anti-inflammatory factor that inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated IL-8 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):69-76.)
-A 2006 meta-analysis (combined analysis of multiple individual studies) found that Saccharomyces boulardii was the only probiotic studied that was effective against Clostridium difficile disease, a common form of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. (McFarland L V. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Apr;101(4):812-22.)
-A 2008 study found that Crohn’s patients receiving Saccharomyces boulardii treatment showed significant improvements in intestinal function compared with those given a placebo. (Garcia Vilela E, et al. Influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on the intestinal permeability of patients with Crohn’s disease in remission. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(7):842-8.)
-An investigation published in 2009 found that, of a variety of probiotics, Saccharomyces boulardii was uniquely able to stimulate production of secretory IgA, the main immunoglobin found in mucus, saliva, and secretions from the intestine and the lining of the lungs, and a main component of the body’s protective mechanism against pathogens. Thus Saccharomyces boulardii may now be credited with an ability to enhance immune function in general. (Flaviano S. et al. Comparative study of Bifidobacterium animalis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic properties. Archives of Microbiology, Volume 191, Number 8 / August, 2009.)
See the NYBC entry for more details, including recommended dosages:
http://nybcsecure.org/product_info.php?products_id=217
December 2, 2010
Supplements for Diarrhea and Malabsorption
We’re reprinting below the NYBC recommendations
for supplements that address the common gastrointestinal
problems of people with HIV:
Diarrhea. This is one of
the most common side effects of
antiretroviral drugs–especially protease
inhibitors. When it occurs, make
sure to drink plenty of (healthy) fluids
to replace electrolytes (potassium,
sodium, and magnesium ions) and
prevent dehydration. Avoid sugary
and/or caffeinated beverages.
One of the simplest remedies: bananas!
Adding a yogurt with active
cultures to your regular diet can also
improve diarrhea. In addition to adding
beneficial flora to your gastrointestinal
tract, yogurt is nutritionally
rich in protein, calcium, riboflavin,
vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.However, for some, dietary changes may
not be enough to control the diarrhea
Supplements to consider in treating
diarrhea associated with protease
inhibitors include calcium, and glutamine
(up to 20-40 grams daily for
diarrhea while it persists). There are
some clinical data to support these
interventions. A note of caution: calcium
carbonate works fine but should
be avoided if you are using atazanavir
[Reyataz].If diarrhea is associated with the use
of antibiotics, go probiotic! Use acidophilus,
bifidus or Saccharomyces
boulardii (Florastor) to control C.
difficile (a problem frequently encountered
with antibiotic use) and to improve gut function.
Use of digestive enzymes may also help to improve
digestion (e.g., lipase, protease, amylase, and
lactase).Malabsorption is the difficulty in digesting or
absorbing nutrients from food. It’s a widespread
problem among HIVers, and a serious
one at that. HIV disease damages the
guts, where it is estimated that 80%
of the disease “lives,” hindering the
digestive tract’s ability to absorb nutrients
(or meds). Additionally, many
HIVers actually have too little acid
in their stomachs – a little-discussed
condition. This can cause the sphincter
at the opening of the stomach to
fail to close properly, resulting in
GERD: gastro-esophageal reflux disorder.
In general, gut function can be
improved with probiotics such as
acidophilus and bifidus, as well as
2-5 grams of glutamine, taken daily.
Further, digestive enzymes that help
break down fats, carbs and proteins
may be useful in promoting better
absorption. Again, a good diet and
a potent multi are important starting
points!
See the NYBC entries for more detailed
recommendations regarding these supplements:
Glutamine Powder:
http://nybcsecure.org/product_info.php?cPath=49&products_id=128
or Glutamine Caps:
http://nybcsecure.org/product_info.php?cPath=49&products_id=127
Douglas Vegetarian Enzymes:
http://nybcsecure.org/product_info.php?cPath=49&products_id=264
Jarro-Zymes Vegetarian Enzymes:
http://nybcsecure.org/product_info.php?cPath=49&products_id=335
Ultra Jarro-Dophilus (probiotic):
http://nybcsecure.org/product_info.php?cPath=27&products_id=354
Jarrodophilus EPS (No refrigeration needed):
http://nybcsecure.org/product_info.php?cPath=27&products_id=199
Saccharomyces boulardii (Florastor):
http://nybcsecure.org/product_info.php?products_id=217
March 31, 2010
Top search terms bringing visitors to this blog
Dear NYBC Blog Reader,
Thought you might be interested to see some of the most popular search terms that brought people to the New York Buyers’ Club Blog in the past year:
1. “Saccharomyces boulardii C difficile”
2. “glutamine ulcerative colitis”
3. “cholesterol lowering supplements”
4. “B vitamins depression”
5. “HIV Vitamin D”
6. “vitamins for neuropathy”
7. “Tylenol antidote”
And here, in very brief form, is the information these searchers found on the NYBC Blog:
Saccharomyces boulardii, which NYBC stocks in the form of Florastor, appears in a recent study to be the best probiotic for the stubborn gastrointestinal infection C. difficile.
Glutamine has shown effectiveness in reducing symptoms of ulcerative colitis and other gastrointestinal conditions in a number of research studies.
Plant sterols, fish oil, niacin, pantethine have been studied for cholesterol control.
B vitamins strongly affect mood and memory, and addressing a B vitamin deficiency can improve depressive symptoms.
Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent among people with HIV, and supplementing with 1000IU/day of D3 plus 1000mg/day of calcium may be a good way to support bone health for people taking HIV meds. Other research has noted the link between Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and susceptibility to cold and flus.
Acetylcarnitine, alpha lipoic acid and evening primrose oil are among the supplements studied for diabetic or HIV-related neuropathy (pain, tingling in feet, hands).
NAC (N-acetylcysteine) is used as the antidote to acetaminophen overdose. Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol and is added to many other over-the-counter drugs, so overdose leading to liver damage or liver failure has become common in the US.
November 9, 2009
Saccharomyces boulardii: new research confirms effectiveness
Saccharomyces boulardii is a very well-researched probiotic, with several hundred peer-reviewed studies to its credit, many from the past two decades. It’s now the first choice for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, C. difficile colitis, and “traveler’s diarrhea.” It can also help in addressing irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Here are some recent research highlights:
–Harvard Medical School researchers located specific pathways by which Saccharomyces boulardii decreases intestinal inflammatory responses; their 2006 report helps explain the broad range of protective effects that the probiotic exerts in a variety of gastrointestinal disorders.
–A 2006 meta-analysis (combined study of multiple individual studies) found that Saccharomyces boulardii was the only probiotic effective against Clostridium difficile disease, a common form of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
–A 2008 study, meanwhile, found that Crohn’s patients receiving Saccharomyces boulardii treatment showed significant improvements in intestinal function compared with those given a placebo (dummy pill).
–Most recently, an investigation published in 2009 found that, of a variety of probiotics, Saccharomyces boulardii was uniquely able to stimulate production of secretory IgA, the main immunoglobin found in mucus, saliva, and secretions from the intestine and lining of the lungs, and a main component of the body’s protective mechanism against pathogens. (Thus Saccharomyces boulardii may now be credited with a general immune-modulating/strengthening ability.)
References:
Sougioultzis S, Simeonidis S, Bhaskar KR, Chen X, Anton PM, Keates S, Pothoulakis C, Kelly CP. Saccharomyces boulardii produces a soluble anti-inflammatory factor that inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated IL-8 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):69-76.
McFarland LV. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Apr;101(4):812-22.
Garcia Vilela E, De Lourdes De Abreu Ferrari M, Oswaldo Da Gama Torres H, Guerra Pinto A, Carolina Carneiro Aguirre A, Paiva Martins F, Marcos Andrade Goulart E, Sales Da Cunha A. Influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on the intestinal permeability of patients with Crohn’s disease in remission. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(7):842-8.
Flaviano S. Martins, Aparecida A. Silva, Angélica T. Vieira, Flávio H. F. Barbosa, Rosa M. E. Arantes, Mauro M. Teixeira and Jacques Robert Nicoli. Comparative study of Bifidobacterium animalis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic properties.
Archives of Microbiology, Volume 191, Number 8 / August, 2009.
Saccharomyces boulardii is available from NYBC as Florastor, recognized as the most reliable commercially available form of the probiotic.
October 28, 2009
The Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii
This 2007 article reviewed several well-designed clinical studies of Saccharomyces boulardii and found good evidence for this non-pathogenic yeast’s ability to prevent and treat several forms of diarrhea. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, recurrent Clostridium difficile (C.difficile) infection, “traveler’s diarrhea,” and inflammatory bowel disease were the conditions investigated in these studies.
Review article: yeast as probiotics — Saccharomyces boulardii.
Czerucka D, Piche T, Rampal P.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Probiotics are defined as live micro-organisms which confer a health benefit on the host. Although most probiotics are bacteria, one strain of yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii, has been found to be an effective probiotic in double-blind clinical studies. AIMS: To compare the main properties that differentiate yeast from bacteria and to review the properties of S. boulardii explaining its potential benefits as a probiotic. METHODS: The PubMed and Medline databases were searched using the keywords ‘probiotics’, ‘yeast’, ‘antibiotic associated diarrhea’, ‘Saccharomyces boulardii’,'bacterial diarrhea’ and ‘inflammatory bowel disease’ in various combinations. RESULTS: Several clinical studies have been conducted with S. boulardii in the treatment and prevention of various forms of diarrhoea. Promising research perspectives have been opened in terms of maintenance treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. The mechanism of S. boulardii’s action has been partially elucidated. CONCLUSION: Saccharomyces boulardii is a strain of yeast which has been extensively studied for its probiotic effects. The clinical activity of S. boulardii is especially relevant to antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and recurrent Clostridium difficile intestinal infections. Experimental studies clearly demonstrate that S. boulardii has specific probiotic properties, and recent data has opened the door for new therapeutic uses of this yeast as an ‘immunobiotic’.
Reference: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Sep 15;26(6):767-78.
See also the NYBC entry:
September 30, 2009
Probiotics: effectiveness of supplements
An interesting discussion about probiotics is underway on our hometown newspaper’s website. See The New York Times blog “Well”:
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/28/probiotics-health-or-hype/
We were interested to read the first comment in the queue, from an M.D. who discusses the problem of the viability of probiotic species (many don’t survive the stomach’s acidity to reach the intestines), and identifies some of the successful supplement designs, such as Florastor, that overcome this problem and have a demonstrated effectiveness. (In the case of Florastor aka Saccharomyces boulardii, the supplement has shown the capacity to decrease the incidence of a relapse in clostridium difficile colitis. It also has some other documented therapeutic successes.)
For more on Florastor, see the NYBC entry:
See also additional entries under Saccharomyces boulardii on this blog for applications and dosage recommendations.
January 29, 2009
Saccharomyces boulardii: When a Yeast is Good
Here’s a testimonial about the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii that we recently came across on the website http://www.florastories.com/. No doubt there’s a connection between the site and the product tradenamed Florastor, but nonetheless this is an important clarification for those wondering about the relationship between other yeasts and the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii.
Note that the NYBC purchasing co-op has stocked Florastor for several years, and its predecessor DAAIR imported a similar product from Europe for a decade longer. So we have accumulated a store of knowledge about its usefulness and do have confidence in the reliability of its formulation. (By the way, a Consumer Labs review last year gave Florastor good marks, confirming our view.)
Here’s the clarification about “yeast” and Saccharomyces boulardii:
Yeast. It’s a word that makes many women cringe.
And it comes as no surprise, according to Patricia Raymond, MD, board-certified gastroenterologist, author and assistant professor at Eastern Virginia Medical School. For many women, the thought of yeast conjures up bad thoughts of yeast infections.
“Before I was a gastroenterologist, I was a physician,” says Dr. Raymond. “Before I was a physician, I was a medical student. Before I was a medical student, I was a regular woman and frankly, yeast was not my friend. Anything that causes you to lose your self-confidence, lowers your self-image and destroys your sex life is not a friend.”
What many people don’t know is that there are different varieties of yeast. Candida albicans is the yeast infection-causing yeast that many women have learned to hate, while Saccharomyces is a beneficial yeast that can be broken down into different types.
For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a brewer’s yeast that’s used in making wine, bread and beer, while Saccharomyces boulardii is a powerful probiotic that’s been clinically shown to maintain and restore the natural flora in our small and large intestines.
“For those women who have never had a positive relationship with yeast, fear not – pharmaceutical yeast doesn’t equal yeast infection,” Dr. Raymond reports. “In the last several years, there have been more and more studies – clinical trials on humans – using yeast, using specifically Saccharomyces boulardii, and, as a practicing gastroenterologist, I have come to the conclusion that yeast is, in fact, good.”
This website entry then goes on to detail some of the main applications of Saccharomyces boulardii: preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea; managing traveler’s diarrhea; treating recurrence of C. diff (Clostridium difficile).
For more information, see the NYBC entry:
November 7, 2008
Probiotics and immune function
Probiotics such as bifidus, lactobacillus and saccharomyces boulardii are known first of all for their benefit to digestive health, and especially for their ability to help resolve various types of diarrhea (from antibiotic-associated diarrhea to “traveler’s diarrhea”).
But as they promote gastrointestinal tract health and good digestion, probiotics also support immune function and increase the body’s resistance to infection. This is because probiotic organisms produce compounds like lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid that increase the acidity of the intestine and slow the reproduction of many harmful bacteria. It’s also been discovered that probiotics produce substances called bacteriocins, which act as natural antibiotics to kill undesirable bacteria.
One example of recent research on probiotics and immune function: a double blind trial that looked particularly at supplementation with Bifidobacterium lactis showed that it significantly enhanced immune function in a group of healthy elderly people. This study, reported in 2000, showed immune function enhancement after six weeks of supplementation.
For further information on individual probiotics, see the NYBC entries:
Saccharomyces boulardii (as Florastor/Biocodex)
Bifidus (as Bifidus Balance/Jarrow)
Lactobacillus/Bifidus (as Jarrodophilus/Jarrow)
Lactobacillus/Bifidus (as Jarrodophilus EPS–needs no refrigeration)
See also the entry for the green foods supplement Pro Greens (Nutricology), which includes a substantial lactobacillus/bifidus component.
—–
References:
–De Simone C, Vesely R, Bianchi SB, et al. The role of probiotics in modulation of the immune system in man and in animals. Int J Immunotherapy 1993.
–Barefoot SF, Klaenhammer TR. Detection and activity of Lactacin B, a Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Environ Microbiology 1983.
–Arunachalam K, Gill HS, Chandra RK. Enhancement of natural immune function by dietary consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis. Eur J Clinical Nutrition 2000.
March 19, 2008
Saccharomyces boulardii lyo: indications and dosage suggestions
NYBC stocks the probiotic Florastor, which is Saccharomyces boulardi lyo (lyo = freeze dried, the best means discovered for preserving the effectiveness of this agent). Saccharomyces boulardii, a yeast first investigated by French microbiologist Henri Boulard in Indochina in the 1920s, has been widely researched and distributed over the last fifty years, though it has a longer history of use in Europe than in the US.
We’re glad that Florastor has become available in the United States in the last five years, since before that we were obliged to import this pharmaceutical grade probiotic from Europe; the US versions of Saccharomyces boulardii often seemed quite a bit less effective, perhaps because the European production techniques were more advanced.
Here are the main indications/conditions for which Saccharomyces boulardii has been investigated:
Acute Diarrhea
A controlled study found a significant reduction in symptoms of diarrhea in adults taking 250mg of S. boulardii twice a day for five days or until symptoms were relieved.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A placebo-controlled study found that patients with diarrhea due mainly to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) had a significant reduction in number and consistency of bowel movements.
Suggested dosage is 250mg twice daily.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Additional benefits to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may be found in 1) prevention of relapse in Crohn’s disease patients currently in remission and 2) benefits to ulcerative colitis patients with moderate symptoms. Suggested dosage is three 250mg capsules a day.
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
Some evidence for its use in the prophylaxis (prevention) of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in adults. Suggested dosage: 250mg twice a day with the standard antibiotic course.
HIV/AIDS-Associated Diarrhea
Saccharomyces boulardii was shown to significantly increase the recovery rate of stage IV AIDS patients suffering from diarrhea versus placebo. On average, patients receiving S. boulardii gained weight while the placebo group lost weight over the 18 month study. There were no reported adverse reaction observed in these immunocompromised patients.
Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
Two 500mg doses per day of Saccharomyces boulardii when taken with one of two antibiotics (vancomycin or metronidazole) were found to significantly reduce the rate of recurrent Clostridium difficile (pseudomembranous colitis) infection. However, note that significant benefit was not found for prevention of an initial episode of Clostridium difficile-associated disease.
For more on Saccharomyces boulardii, see the NYBC entry:
Florastor
Note that non-member price is $30, but member price is ONLY $29. (NYBC Membership costs $5, $10, or $25 per year, depending on income.)
Some citations (there are many more, since Saccharomyces boulardii is among the most-studied probiotics):
–Höcher W, Chase D, Hagenhoff G (1990). “Saccharomyces boulardii in acute adult diarrhoea. Efficacy and tolerance of treatment”. Münch Med Wochenschr 132: 188–92.
–McFarland L, Surawicz C, Greenberg R (1994). “A randomised placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease”. J Am Med Assoc 271: 1913–8.
–Maupas J, Champemont P, Delforge M (1983). “Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Saccharomyces boulardii: a double blind, placebo controlled study”. Medicine Chirurgie Digestives 12(1): 77–9.
–Guslandi M, Mezzi G, Sorghi M, Testoni PA (2000). “Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenance treatment of Crohn’s disease”. Dig. Dis. Sci. 45 (7): 1462–4. PMID 10961730.
–Guslandi M, Giollo P, Testoni PA (2003). “A pilot trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in ulcerative colitis”. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15 (6): 697–8. doi:10.1097/01.meg.0000059138.68845.06. PMID 12840682.
–Saint-Marc T, Blehaut H, Musial C, Touraine J (1995). “AIDS related diarrhea: a double-blind trial of Saccharomyces boulardii”. Sem Hôsp Paris 71: 735–41.
